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<title>Xeroderma</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Xeroderma</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Xerosis" redirects here. For the liver condition characterized by formation of scar tissue and impaired function, see <a href="Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">Cirrhosis</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Skin_fissures" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin fissures">skin fissures</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Xerosis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Xerodermia, xerosis cutis,<sup id="cite_ref-Bolognia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolognia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dry skin</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">The surface of the knuckles of a hand with xeroderma</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Symptoms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Low skin moisture, <a href="Itching" class="mw-redirect" title="Itching">itching</a>, <a href="Scale_(dermatology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scale (dermatology)">scaling</a>, <a href="Skin_cracking" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin cracking">skin cracking</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Cause_(medicine)" title="Cause (medicine)">Causes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Deficiency of certain vitamins and minerals, exposure to <a href="Detergent" title="Detergent">detergents</a>, <a href="Sunburn" title="Sunburn">sunburn</a>, <a href="Choline_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Choline inhibitor">choline inhibitors</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Risk_factor" title="Risk factor">Risk factors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Low <a href="Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> of surrounding air, frequent <a href="Bathing" title="Bathing">bathing</a> or <a href="Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">hand washing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prevention</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Skin_lotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin lotion">Skin lotions</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Medication" title="Medication">Medication</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Emollient" class="mw-redirect" title="Emollient">Emollients</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">

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<p><b>Xeroderma</b> is a <a href="Skin_condition" title="Skin condition">skin condition</a> characterized by excessively dry <a href="Skin" title="Skin">skin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medically, the synonyms <b>xerosis</b> or <b>xerosis cutis</b> are sometimes used, while <b>dry skin</b> is used colloquially. When present in <a href="Dark_skin" title="Dark skin">dark skin</a>, xeroderma is sometimes colloquially referred to as <b>ashiness</b> or <b>ashy skin</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xeroderma derives from <a href="Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i> </i>ξηρός<i> (xeros)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">dry</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and <i> </i>δέρμα<i> (derma)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">skin</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.

</p><p>In most cases, dry skin can safely be treated with <a href="Moisturizer" title="Moisturizer">moisturizers</a> (also called emollients). Xeroderma occurs most commonly on the <a href="Scalp" title="Scalp">scalp</a>, lower <a href="Human_leg" title="Human leg">legs</a>, <a href="Arm" title="Arm">arms</a>, hands, <a href="Knuckle" title="Knuckle">knuckles</a>, the sides of the <a href="Abdomen" title="Abdomen">abdomen</a>, and <a href="Thigh" title="Thigh">thighs</a>. Symptoms most associated with xeroderma are such <a href="Skin_conditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin conditions">skin conditions</a> as scaling (the visible peeling of the outer skin layer), <a href="Itching" class="mw-redirect" title="Itching">itching</a>, and <a href="Skin_fissure" title="Skin fissure">skin fissures</a> (cracked skin).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2></div>

<p>Xeroderma is a very common condition. It happens more often in the winter when the cold air outside and the hot air inside create a low <a href="Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a>. This causes the skin to lose moisture and it may crack and peel. <a href="Bathing" title="Bathing">Bathing</a> or <a href="Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">hand washing</a> too frequently, especially if one is using harsh <a href="Soap" title="Soap">soaps</a>, can contribute to xeroderma. Xeroderma can be caused by a deficiency of <a href="Vitamin_A_deficiency" title="Vitamin A deficiency">vitamin A</a>, <a href="Vitamin_D_deficiency" title="Vitamin D deficiency">vitamin D</a>, <a href="Zinc_deficiency" title="Zinc deficiency">zinc</a>, <a href="Systemic_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic illness">systemic illness</a>, severe <a href="Sunburn" title="Sunburn">sunburn</a>, or some <a href="Medication" title="Medication">medication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xeroderma can be caused by <a href="Choline_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Choline inhibitor">choline inhibitors</a>. <a href="Detergents" class="mw-redirect" title="Detergents">Detergents</a> such as <a href="Washing_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Washing powder">washing powder</a> and <a href="Dishwashing_liquid" title="Dishwashing liquid">dishwashing liquid</a> can cause xeroderma.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prevention">Prevention</h2></div>

<p>Today, many creams and lotions, commonly based on vegetable oils/butters, petroleum oils/jellies, and <a href="Lanolin" title="Lanolin">lanolin</a> are widely available. As a preventive measure, such products may be rubbed onto the affected area as needed (often every other day) to prevent dry skin. The skin is then patted dry to prevent the removal of natural lipids from the skin. Taking a shower or washing hands with special moisturizing soaps or body washes can protect the skin from drying out further.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2></div>

<p>Repeated application (typically over a few days) of <a href="Emollients" class="mw-redirect" title="Emollients">emollients</a> or skin lotions/creams to the affected area will likely result in quick alleviation of xeroderma. In particular, the application of highly occlusive barriers to moisture, such as <a href="Petrolatum" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrolatum">petrolatum</a>, vegetable oils/butters, and <a href="Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">mineral oil</a> have been shown to provide excellent results. Many individuals find specific commercial skin creams and lotions (often comprising oils, butters, and or waxes emulsified in water) quite effective (although individual preferences and results vary among the wide array of commercially available creams).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Lanolin" title="Lanolin">Lanolin</a>, a natural mixture of lipids derived from sheep's wool, helps replace natural lipids in human skin and has been used since ancient times (and in modern medicine) as among the most powerful treatments for xeroderma. Some people may, however, have allergies to lanolin, producing the opposite of the desired effect.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, pure lanolin is a thick waxy substance which, for many individuals, proves difficult and inconvenient for general use on dry skin (especially over large areas of the body). As a result, many formulated lanolin products, having a softer consistency than pure lanolin, are available.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safety">Safety</h3></div>

<p>Many skin creams include common allergens such as fragrances, <a href="Paraben" title="Paraben">parabens</a>, and lanolin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Eczema" class="mw-redirect" title="Eczema">Eczema</a></li>

<li><a href="Ichthyosis" title="Ichthyosis">Ichthyosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Xeroderma_pigmentosum" title="Xeroderma pigmentosum">Xeroderma pigmentosum</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFRapini,_Ronald_P.Bolognia,_Jean_L.Jorizzo,_Joseph_L.2007" class="citation book cs1">Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). <i>Dermatology: 2-Volume Set</i>. St. Louis: Mosby. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4160-2999-1</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/itching-and-dermatitis/dry-skin-xeroderma">"Dry Skin (Xeroderma) - Skin Disorders"</a>. <i>Merck Manuals Consumer Version</i>. May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2005" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Susan C (1 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/16422465">"Enhancing the care and treatment of skin of color, part 2: understanding skin physiology"</a>. <i>Cutis</i>. <b>76</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">302–</span>306.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlexisWoolery-LloydWilliamsAndriessen2021" class="citation journal cs1">Alexis, Andrew; Woolery-Lloyd, Heather; Williams, Kiyanna; Andriessen, Anneke; Desai, Seemal; Han, George; Perez, Maritza; Roberts, Wendy; Taylor, Susan (1 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961621P0932X">"Racial/Ethnic Variations in Skin Barrier: Implications for Skin Care Recommendations in Skin of Color"</a>. <i>Journal of Drugs in Dermatology</i>. <b>20</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">932–</span>938. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.36849%2FJDD.6312">10.36849/JDD.6312</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFProkschBerardesca2019" class="citation journal cs1">Proksch, Ehrhardt; Berardesca, Enzo (19 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546634.2019.1607024">"Dry skin management: practical approach in light of latest research on skin structure and function"</a>. <i>Journal of Dermatological Treatment</i>. <b>31</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">716–</span>722<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6038">"Medical Definition of Xeroderma"</a>. <i>MedTerms</i>. 29 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/cornification-disorders/dry-skin-xeroderma">"Dry Skin (Xeroderma)"</a>. <i>Merck Manuals</i>. May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/502433">"Managing Dry Skin"</a>. <i>US Pharmacist</i>. <b>30</b> (3). 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFR._Wolf1996" class="citation journal cs1">R. Wolf (1996). "The Lanolin Paradox". <i>Dermatology</i>. <b>192</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">198–</span>202.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFZirwas_MJStechschulte_SA2008" class="citation journal cs1">Zirwas MJ; Stechschulte SA (2008). "Moisturizer allergy: diagnosis and management". <i>J Clin Aesthet Dermatol</i>. <b>1</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">38–</span>44.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Xeroderma" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Xeroderma">Xeroderma</a></span>.</div></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox32" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929023" class="extiw external" title="d:Q1929023">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: E50.0-E50.3, H11.1, L85.3</li><li><b><a href="International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=264.0">264.0</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=264.3">264.3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=372.53">372.53</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=706.8">706.8</a></li><li><b><a href="Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb32733.htm">32733</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000835.htm">000835</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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